本文提出了一种基于对不平衡数据集的图形的新的RWO采样(随机步行过度采样)。在该方法中,引入了基于采样的下采样和过采样方法的两种方案,以使接近信息保持对噪声和异常值的鲁棒。在构建少数群体类上的第一个图形之后,RWO取样将在选定的样本上实现,其余部分保持不变。第二图是为多数类构造的,除去低密度区域(异常值)中的样品被移除。最后,在所提出的方法中,选择高密度区域中的多数类别的样品,并消除其余部分。此外,利用RWO取样,虽然未提高异常值,但虽然少数群体类的边界增加。测试该方法,并将评估措施的数量与先前的九个连续属性数据集进行比较,具有不同的过采集率和一个数据集,用于诊断Covid-19疾病。实验结果表明了所提出的不平衡数据分类方法的高效率和灵活性
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Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has made significant strides in the field of remote sensing. Finding a large number of labeled datasets for SSL methods is uncommon, and manually labeling datasets is expensive and time-consuming. Furthermore, accurately identifying remote sensing satellite images is more complicated than it is for conventional images. Class-imbalanced datasets are another prevalent phenomenon, and models trained on these become biased towards the majority classes. This becomes a critical issue with an SSL model's subpar performance. We aim to address the issue of labeling unlabeled data and also solve the model bias problem due to imbalanced datasets while achieving better accuracy. To accomplish this, we create "artificial" labels and train a model to have reasonable accuracy. We iteratively redistribute the classes through resampling using a distribution alignment technique. We use a variety of class imbalanced satellite image datasets: EuroSAT, UCM, and WHU-RS19. On UCM balanced dataset, our method outperforms previous methods MSMatch and FixMatch by 1.21% and 0.6%, respectively. For imbalanced EuroSAT, our method outperforms MSMatch and FixMatch by 1.08% and 1%, respectively. Our approach significantly lessens the requirement for labeled data, consistently outperforms alternative approaches, and resolves the issue of model bias caused by class imbalance in datasets.
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To ensure proper knowledge representation of the kitchen environment, it is vital for kitchen robots to recognize the states of the food items that are being cooked. Although the domain of object detection and recognition has been extensively studied, the task of object state classification has remained relatively unexplored. The high intra-class similarity of ingredients during different states of cooking makes the task even more challenging. Researchers have proposed adopting Deep Learning based strategies in recent times, however, they are yet to achieve high performance. In this study, we utilized the self-attention mechanism of the Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture for the Cooking State Recognition task. The proposed approach encapsulates the globally salient features from images, while also exploiting the weights learned from a larger dataset. This global attention allows the model to withstand the similarities between samples of different cooking objects, while the employment of transfer learning helps to overcome the lack of inductive bias by utilizing pretrained weights. To improve recognition accuracy, several augmentation techniques have been employed as well. Evaluation of our proposed framework on the `Cooking State Recognition Challenge Dataset' has achieved an accuracy of 94.3%, which significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art.
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Emergence of deep neural networks (DNNs) has raised enormous attention towards artificial neural networks (ANNs) once again. They have become the state-of-the-art models and have won different machine learning challenges. Although these networks are inspired by the brain, they lack biological plausibility, and they have structural differences compared to the brain. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have been around for a long time, and they have been investigated to understand the dynamics of the brain. However, their application in real-world and complicated machine learning tasks were limited. Recently, they have shown great potential in solving such tasks. Due to their energy efficiency and temporal dynamics there are many promises in their future development. In this work, we reviewed the structures and performances of SNNs on image classification tasks. The comparisons illustrate that these networks show great capabilities for more complicated problems. Furthermore, the simple learning rules developed for SNNs, such as STDP and R-STDP, can be a potential alternative to replace the backpropagation algorithm used in DNNs.
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这项研究开发了一个无人驾驶系统(UASS)的框架,以监测高层建筑项目中未受保护的边缘和开口附近的跌落危险系统。开发并测试了一个三步基于机器学习的框架,以检测UAS捕获的图像的护栏柱。首先,对护栏探测器进行了培训,以定位支撑护栏的职位的候选位置。由于从实际的工作现场收集的此过程中使用了图像,因此确定了几个错误检测。因此,在以下步骤中引入了其他约束,以滤除错误检测。其次,研究团队将水平线检测器应用于图像,以正确检测地板并删除离地板不近的检测。最后,由于每个帖子之间安装了护栏柱,它们之间的分布差异大致,因此它们之间的空间被估算并用于找到两个帖子之间最有可能的距离。研究团队使用了开发方法的各种组合来监视高层建筑项目的捕获图像中的护栏系统。比较精度和召回指标表明,级联分类器通过落地检测和护栏间距估计来取得更好的性能。研究结果表明,拟议的护栏识别系统可以改善护栏的评估,并促进安全工程师确定高层建筑项目中跌落危害的任务。
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大型神经语言模型(NLMS)的域适应性在预审进阶段与大量非结构化数据结合在一起。但是,在这项研究中,我们表明,经过验证的NLMS从紧凑的数据子集中更有效,更快地学习内域信息,该数据集中在域中的关键信息上。我们使用抽象摘要和提取关键字的组合从非结构化数据构建这些紧凑的子集。特别是,我们依靠Bart生成抽象性摘要,而Keybert从这些摘要中提取关键字(或直接的原始非结构化文本)。我们使用六个不同的设置评估我们的方法:三个数据集与两个不同的NLMS结合使用。我们的结果表明,使用我们的方法在NLM上训练的特定任务分类器,使用我们的方法优于基于传统预处理的方法,即在整个数据上随机掩盖,以及无需审计的方法。此外,我们表明我们的策略将预处理的时间降低了五倍,而这是香草预处理的五倍。我们所有实验的代码均在https://github.com/shahriargolchin/compact-pretraining上公开获得。
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从不平衡数据中学习是一项具有挑战性的任务。在进行不平衡数据训练时,标准分类算法的性能往往差。需要通过修改数据分布或重新设计基础分类算法以实现理想的性能来采用一些特殊的策略。现实世界数据集中不平衡的流行率导致为班级不平衡问题创造了多种策略。但是,并非所有策略在不同的失衡情况下都有用或提供良好的性能。处理不平衡的数据有许多方法,但是尚未进行此类技术的功效或这些技术之间的实验比较。在这项研究中,我们对26种流行抽样技术进行了全面分析,以了解它们在处理不平衡数据方面的有效性。在50个数据集上进行了严格的实验,具有不同程度的不平衡,以彻底研究这些技术的性能。已经提出了对技术的优势和局限性的详细讨论,以及如何克服此类局限性。我们确定了影响采样策略的一些关键因素,并提供有关如何为特定应用选择合适的采样技术的建议。
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近年来,无人驾驶飞机(UAV)在监视的背景下获得了重大吸引力。但是,从空中观察点捕获暴力和非暴力人类活动的视频数据集很少。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一个新颖的基线模拟器,该模拟器能够生成参与各种活动的人群的光真实合成图像,这些序列可以归类为暴力或非暴力。人群组用使用语义分割自动计算的边界框注释。我们的模拟器能够产生大型的随机城市环境,并且能够在中端计算机上平均每秒保持25帧,并具有150个并发的人群相互作用。我们还表明,当来自现实世界数据增强所提出的模拟器的合成数据时,二进制视频分类精度平均提高了5%。
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步行是人类陆地运动的最常见模式之一。步行对于人类进行大多数日常活动至关重要。当一个人走路时,其中有一个模式,被称为步态。步态分析用于体育和医疗保健。我们可以以不同的方式分析该步态,例如使用监视摄像机捕获的视频或在实验室环境中的深度图像摄像机。它也可以通过可穿戴传感器识别。例如,加速度计,力传感器,陀螺仪,柔性旋转仪,磁电阻传感​​器,电磁跟踪系统,力传感器和肌电图(EMG)。通过这些传感器进行分析需要实验室条件,否则用户必须佩戴这些传感器。为了检测人的步态作用异常,我们需要分别合并传感器。我们可以在发现后通过异常步态知道自己的健康状况。了解常规的步态与异常步态可能会使用智能可穿戴技术对受试者的健康状况有所了解。因此,在本文中,我们提出了一种通过智能手机传感器分析异常步态的方法。尽管如今,大多数人都使用了智能手机和智能手表等智能设备。因此,我们可以使用这些智能可穿戴设备的传感器来追踪他们的步态。
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步行运动计划基于运动的不同组成部分(DCM)和线性倒置模型(LIPM)是可以实现的替代方案之一,以生成在线人类人体机器人步态轨迹。该算法需要调整不同的参数。在此,我们开发了一个框架来获得最佳参数,以实现Real Robot步态的稳定且节能的轨迹。为了找到最佳轨迹,在机器人的每个下肢关节下,代表能耗的四个成本函数,关节速度和应用扭矩的总和,以及基于零矩(ZMP)稳定性标准的成本函数。遗传算法用于框架中,以优化这些成本函数中的每一个。尽管轨迹计划是在简化模型的帮助下完成的,但通过考虑Bullet Physics Engine Simulator中的完整动力学模型和脚部接触模型,可以获得每个成本函数的值。这种优化的结果是,以最有效的方式行走的最稳定性和行走是相互对比的。因此,在另一次尝试中,对ZMP和以三种不同速度的能量成本函数进行了多目标优化。最后,我们比较了使用最佳参数生成的设计轨迹,并将模拟产生的仿真模拟器。
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